SANTO AMARO

From guaianases indians village to the side of the Jeribatiba river (Jerivá - palm that produce coconuts and tiba - abundance), in the locality of Ibirapuera (it kills great), the village of the Caá-ubi chieftain was base of the future city of Santo Amaro.

In June of 1556 in the Captainship of the Jesuits Are Vicente were distributed in three places determined for the Provincial Priest of the Jesuits - Manoel de Nóbrega: House of Is Vicente (They are Vicente); - House of São Paulo of the Company of Jesus (São Paulo) and Jeribatiba (Santo Amaro), places where the Jesuits carried through works of catequese and education of children indians and mamelucas.

Jose de Anchieta come of the town of São Paulo de Piratininga (São Paulo), in one of the very times that the Village of Jeribatiba visited perceived that due to the number of catequizados indians and colonists installed in the region, that was possible to constitute a town there, idea approved for the inhabitants. For in such a way the erection of a chapel became necessary, and for this end this chapel was needed an image to who would be dedicated. Wise person that for the region of Cupecê Paes João and its Suzana wife liveed Rodrigueses, possessors of the image of a saint of its devotion, who when knowing of the proposal of Anchieta of the creation of a town had donated the image of Amaro Saint (image until today preserved) for the done chapel "of taipa of pylon, not lined".

It was a pioneering time marked by facts notables as the stories of miracles of Jose de Anchieta in the Village of Jeribatiba; of the registers on the way of the guaranis indians that passing for Ibirapuera still went until the City of Paraguay (Assuncion - in Paraguay) or of the creation in Ibirapuera of the one of the first device of iron of Brazil, with existing ores in the region, this in 1606.

In 1686, the Bishop of Rio De Janeiro D. Jose And Barros Alarcão confirms the chapel cured in Ibirapuera, district of São Paulo, thus raising the town the category of clientele with the name of Amaro Saint.

E for much time the region was known by diverse aboriginal names as: Birapuera; Virapuera; Ibirapuera; Geribatiba; Geribativa; Jeribatiba; Saint Amaro de Virapuera; Saint Amaro de Ibirapuera, until it took the name of Amaro Saint definitively.

In 1829, the first installation occurs accomplishes of a colony of immigrants German in the State of São Paulo, this in the region of Amaro Saint (Parelheiros).

The 7 of April of 1833, fulfilling determination of the City council of São Paulo, the electorate congregates itself parochial, choosing 7 councilmen for the constitution of the legislative one of the city of Amaro Saint, now yes disentailed and independent. From now on Amaro Saint acquires the feições of a vigorous city.

1835 - Military bodies of National Guarda in Santo Amaro, two of infantry and one of cavalry are created.

1841 - Public school.

1868 - First periodical "Amaro Saint".

1885 - Inauguration of the illumination the kerosene.

16 of November of 1886, inauguration of the railway line of São Paulo the Amaro Saint and visits the Amaro Saint for Emperor Dom Peter II and Dna. Leopoldina.

1894 - Market (current House of Culture).

1896 - Public garden (current Praccedil;a Floriano Peixoto).

1899 - Inauguration of the Saint Casa de Misericórdia and Capela (in current localizaçáo).

1910 - Inauguration of the building of the Pertaining to school Group of Amaro Saint, called later Pertaining to school Group Pablo Eiró (current Square of the Mosaics).

1924 - Inauguration of the Matrix of Amaro Saint (current Cathedral of Amaro Saint).

1931 - Foundation of the Musical Conservatory of Amaro Saint.

1932 - Plan of reurbanização of Amaro Saint (for the Engineer Alfredo Agache).

1935 - Decree of 22 of February of l935, n.º 6983 - the Government of the State of São Paulo, determines the extinguishing of the city of Amaro Saint, incorporating it it the city of São Paulo.

1.1 City

In 1832 Santo Amaro city, separate of São Paulo, being installed in 7 of April of 1833 becomes. The city all enclosed the territory that if it pointed out to the south of the old Stream of the Treason, nowadays canalized and on which the Avenue of the Bandeirantes exists, extending itself until the Mountain range of the Incluía Sea, in its formaçã, also the areas that today they correspond to the cities of Itapecerica of the Mountain range, Embu, Embu-Guaçu, Taboão of the Mountain range, Are Lourenço of Serra and Juquitiba, that if they had separated in 1877 for the formation of the city of Itapecerica of the Mountain range.

In 1886 the Amaro Saint was inaugurated the railway line of São Paulo, with the presence of Emperor D. Peter II. The old line today corresponds to the Avenue of the Freedom, Avenue Jackstay, Street Sundays of Moral, Jabaquara Avenue, passing for backwards of where, later, the Airport of Congonhas would be constructed, and from there followed until Amaro Saint.

It fits to mention that the authorization for construç&ctilde;of this railway line, as the Provincial Law number 56, of 11 of May of 1877, foresaw that it made the linking between São Paulo and the town of Is Lourenço (current city of Is Lourenço of the Mountain range).

This line of trains was substituted, in 7 of July of 1913, for a line of trams, that from the previous passage deviated in the Street Sundays of Moral for the Advising Avenue Rodrigues Alves, following for the regions of Indianópolis, Beautiful Field, Brooklin, High Native of São Paulo and of the Boa Vista, giving origin to that today is the Ibirapuera Avenue and the Avenue Councilman Jose Diniz.

In 1899 the Saint Casa de Misericórdia de Santo Amaro was inaugurated, and in 1924 the First church of Amaro Saint (current Cathedral of Amaro Saint, therefore in 27 of May of 1989 the Pope João Pablo II created the Diocese of Amaro Saint, desmembrando the region of the Archdiocese of São Paulo).

The inauguration of the Congonhas Airport, in 1934, was the one of the reasons for which state Decree number 6983, of 22 of February of 1935, determined the extinguishing of the city of Amaro Saint, incorporating it it the city of São Paulo. (During the Constitutionalistic Revolution of 1932, the Mars Field was busy for the rebellious troops, what it took the Government of Getúlio Vargas to look alternative places for the air transportation in São Paulo).

The area of the old city then was subdivided in the subdistritos of Amaro Saint, Ibirapuera, Chapel of the Aid, and in the district of Parelheiros.

Emancipacionistas movements occurrences in the decades of 1950 and 1970, however, had not obtained to sensetize the population so that Amaro Saint again was raised to the city condition.

1.2 the Present time

Currently the old city corresponds to the current paulistanos districts of Santo Amaro, Campo Grande, Campo Belo, part of the district of the Itaim Bibi, Ademar City, Quarry, Clean Field, Capon Redondo, Andrade Village, Jardim Ângela, Jardim São Luiz, Aid, Dutra City, Grajaú, Parelheiros and Marsilac, that, according to estimative of the IBGE for 2004, approximately totalized a population of 2.100.000 of inhabitants, in a ' 660 rea of km², that it corresponds 43% of the total of the surface of the city of São Paulo.

The district of Santo Amaro, center of the South Zone of São Paulo, continues to exert considerable influence on the inhabitants of the cities that already had belonged its territory.

He is curious to observe that in areas of Parelheiros and Marsilac still villages of guaranis indians are found, descending of the aboriginals of the jesuíticas times.

The region of Santo Amaro still concentrates important industries and is if developing in the administrative area, over all in the region located between Santo Amaro and Jurubatuba.

GERMAN COLONY

2.1 GARDEN KLEIN

The quarter Garden Klein appeared through German immigration in São Paulo specifically in the saint quarter lands on water for 1830 return.

As we go to see in history below the family Klein if exhausted in saint lands on water of the quarter Ângela Garden until the city of parelheiros meets tracks of the family Klein.

2.2 FORMATION Of THE GERMAN COLONY

After the announcement of independence, it started to predominate the concern with the povoamento. Visconde of Is Leopoldo, convicto that the introduction of immigrant was a benefit, did not cogitate of details. In 1826, emperor D. Peter I commanded Von to schaeffer to get in the Europe welded that they could fight in the wars of the south, also gave orders to it to bring colonists.

Promising wealth, you would honor, high positions, proper lands, Von Schaeffer all brode people of the type in the southern states of Germany, over all of the Baviera. After a trip of six months, of bremen to Rio De Janeiro, they had been collected in the scaffolding.

Without the lesser one it consults to being able them that they directed the province of São Paulo, the imperial government sends it following acknowledgment to it: its Majesty the emperor is served that the vice-president of the province of São Paulo takes since already the measures that to judge convenient to receive and to lodge the foreign colonists who in briefing will leave this côrte for this province, and more than successively they will be sent to it to the measure that will be arriving. Palace of Rio De Janeiro, in 8 of November of 1827 - visconde of Is Leopoldo.

In 13 of December of 1827 - one month later -, 227 colonists, come for galera disembarked in saints dutch Maria. They had come to take up quarters in São Paulo in the military hopital. The Dr. Justiniano de Frank Melo was nominated managing of the colony, that German said. It represented the immigrants, received its complaints and suggestions, paid the subsí;dio to them. It had to also choose with the Government a place for installs¸ão definitive of the colony. According to orders of the central Government, each colonist received 160 réis per day, the adults, and the children 80 réis, while they did not install themselves definitively.

The colony had to install itself in order to constitute center of approach between diverse localities: it was thought about Juquiá, Are Vicente, Itanhaem, Itapecerica, but they alem es&atidle;revealed grumblers to them. E more colonists had been arriving: 39 in 18 of January of 1828, 22 of May others 89 people; in 27 of June more 175 and December, a great one leads of 257 immigrants.

The Dr. frank Justiniano of melo was to see vacant lands in Saint Amaro, four léguas to the south of the Clientele. Of the red Brook to the mountain range of the sea it was all vacant hinterland. For one sinned it was arrived Itanhaem and for the great river the saints. 129 colonists had accepted lands in the Clientele of Amaro Saint, and here they had been the Kleins, the Gilcher (later Guilger), the Helpfstein, the Ulrichs, the Heildrich, Peter Schunk, Conradt João, Peter Teisen (later Teissen), Andres Kasper (Caspar), Peter Krist, Schimidt João, Roskenback, the Sellig, the Gottfried.

In 9 of June of 1829 it was become fullfilled ceremony of the drawing of lands, between 94 families whom they desired to establish itself in the place destined to the colony in Amaro Saint. To those to who lands next to the town centers had fit more had obtained to educate its children, being made to learn them to read and to write. They had not had any official aid for education of the children, and this lack of instruction between colonists contributed for the disfigurement of the names German, some of which had arrived at ' we completely disfigured. The Gottfried had been complicated for Gotsfritz; the Kaspers had turned Caspar, and until Gaspa. Some families had been known for the nicknames, of matrix well Cabloco: Peter shoemaker, (Helpfstein), Lean Enrique (Reberg), Zé of venda (Schpunk), Adam Garça (Reimberg). The instruction lack vertiginously sped up the acaboclamento of the Germans.

All destined the agricultural activities, but an ability mechanics any rare age in well paid Brazil and therefore. Thus they had appeared some mechanical officers, a tailor, a shoemaker, coopers, locksmiths and torneiros, enter the Germans of Amaro Saint.

The bad lands of the colony had forced the dispersion. The population not was raised the clientele, nor endowed with pároco, nor with professor. The colony was without any interpreter; nobody gave the tools, seeds and domestic animals, promised to be paid later in money or species. From the proper dates of land the colonists had not received headings definitive that tranquilized it how much to the lawful possession of lands.

The primitive nuclei of Germans had not brought many others. Of first the 229 individuals, ten years later remained 157 people. In 1847 they were nine families there. The decay of an enterprise was thus rapidíssima that cost much money and sacrifice. The inexistence of one well guided colonizadora politics made with that the place that would have to be changedded into city, meagered in tapera, with three, poor farms, around of a cemetary.

The initiative, however, did not leave to show some fruits: the volume of produced sorts increased consideravelmente in the old clientele. In 1837 Amaro Saint it appears as the only city of the province that produced potatoes, typical culture of the German immigrant. In middle of the century, the region was considered the granary of the capital. All the sorts of first necessity the inhabitants of São Paulo bought of the agriculturists. São Paulo was vendida to the constructors of houses and manufacturers of furniture. They brought firewood for the fair of the Bladder, and rocks of would sing.

The descendants of the old nucleus if had mixed to the natural ones of the land. The successive crossings with aboriginal element had determined a stranger mix, children of hair loiríssimos and brown skin, blue, high and lean eyes. In nothing they were differentiated of the caboclos: they had forgotten the Eisbem, the creams of milk, the Choucrouts, and if they fed of beans, flour and palmito that went to search in the weeds. The German culture did not leave vestige some. Today they do not meet for the region a plate, a legend, a song, a suit, exactly deturpados, that remembers any thing of Germany.

Source: History of the quarters of São Paulo: Amaro saint, of Maria Helene Petrillo Berardi

2.3 The arrival to Brazil

The arrival to Brazil was a scare. They had disembarked and if they capsize surrounded for the Atlantic bush. The groups catholics had had greater adaptation easiness that the Luteranos, that had kept its faith with great difficulty, since here temples or shepherds for the celebration of the cults did not exist. The historian says that many parents finished baptizing the children in the church catholic due to option. "They had had problems to learn our language, to understand the local cultural traces and the laws and, mainly, because of the diffidence of the local population, that created estereótipos in relation to the immigrant (explosive, beberrão, braggart, among others).

The question of the language was a common phenomenon to all the germanic immigrants of the second generation and the subsequent ones. They had lost the contact with the dialects said for its ancestral ones. Still today, she has descendants of these immigrants inhabiting in mansions of the region of the Paulistano Plateaus (Saint Amaro, Itapecerica, Parelheiros and Embu) that at least they know the origin of its last name.

The Germans who had remained in the capital, the phenomenon was the same ", says Siriani. It explains that the situation alone improved with the creation of the first German schools of the city of São Paulo (for 1870 return), that it facilitated to the permanence of the language in the seio of the families and the cultural interchange.

2.4 Family Klein

Street Alaor Klein - Amaro Saint

Street Amâncio Klein - Amaro Saint

Street Carlos Klein - Aid

Street Christina Schunck Klein - Parelheiros

Street Daniel Klein - Klein

Street Enrique Klein - Ângela Garden

Street Isabel Klein - Parelheiros

Street Izabel Klein Zettler - Dutra City

Street Jacques Klein - Amaro Saint

Street Joaquin Carlos Klein - Campo Grande

Street Jovina Klein Reimberg - Parelheiros

Street Maurício Klein - Parelheiros

Street Hans Priest Klein - Grajaú

Street Peter Klein of the Birth - Parelheiros

2.5 Daniel Klein

Daniel Klein was born in year 1845. Coming to Brazil in 1827 belonged to the first German colony. In this exactly year acquired lands in saint lands on water calling it Mansion Santana. There it formed the great house in 1910, later transformed for its familiar ones into our house of the child. He was proprietor of the Garden of the Flowers, Great Figueira, Mansion Santana, between Parelheiros and Barragem. It together established the first German colony with its accompanying colonizadores, the Hessel, Shunck and Rosemberg. Faleceu in the year of 1921.

2.6 Maurício Klein

Industrial worker, Maurício Klein was born in 01 of August of 1977 in the city of São Paulo, and faleceu with 18 years of age.

2.7 Hans Priest Klein

(1911-1977). The Hans priest Klein, was born in 24 of March of 1911, Recklinhausen in Germany. He was professor of language and German literature in the federal universities and catholic of Pernambuco. He made its ecclesiastical studies in Switzerland, Holland, Germany and Brazil. He commanded himself as priest in day 01 of May of 1941, in mires, located pernambucano city in the zone of the south bush - Brazil. The congregation of the sacred family belonged, who later left the order starting to work together to the archdiocese. Beyond German professor, it it established the institute of the German language in the university catholic, was managing assistant of the education division and culture of the social service of industry - SESI. Faleceu in Recife, 1977.

2.8 M`Boi Mirim

Old road that retraces to century XVII, and that it served of way between São Paulo and the old aboriginal aldeamento of m'boy (current city of Embú of the arts). According to some historians, this road already previously existed as track used for the aboriginals, before, therefore of the foundation of the proper city of São Paulo. The lands that had given origin to the city of Embú had been donated by Fernão days and Catherine camacho to the Jesuits in 1624, with the condition of that they constructed to a church for the padroeira our Mrs. of the Rosary there. Then the aldeamento of m'boy starts to be busy for the Jesuits from 1651 e, in 1690, the Belchior Priest Bridges initiates the construction of the church. The indians catequisados in this village if dedicated the agriculture and, also, to the artesanato, current mark of the city. Between ends of century XIX and beginning of century XX the economy of vilarejo turned around the agricultural activities, strengthened for the installation of Japanese colony e, also, of the production of coal, exploration of sand ports, potteries and commercialization of the water of the source of the Jesuits. Emancipated in 1959, from the decade of 60 famous artists they start to inhabit in the city. In 1969 it is instituted fair of arts and artesanato. In 1979 the city gained the heading of tourist ranch.
Source: research of the municipal historical archive of São Paulo and municipal city hall of the tourist ranch of Embú of the arts.

2.9 Jardim Ângela

Jardim Ângela is a situated district in the south region of the city of São Paulo, that encloses the quarters of Good Garden Hope, Coimbra Garden, Europe Garden, Park Edwiges Saint, High of the Riviera, Copacabana Garden and Garden of the Flowers.

2.10 Jardim São Luís

Jardim São Luís is a situated district in the south region of the city of São Paulo, that encloses the quarters of Village of the Beauties, Garden Blue Mount, São Luís, Ibirapuera Garden, City Weekend, Germânia Garden and São Luís Garden.

Together with the district Ângela Garden, it conforms the region of the known city as M'Boi Mirim, also denomination of the subprefeitura of the related region. It is the district with percentile greater of population favelada in the city of São Paulo, with more than 60% of the inhabitants living in slum quarters.

Already it was considered by the ONU as the more violent urban region of the world. However, actions of the community in set with the policy, the government of the State and the municipal city hall had caused a drastic reduction in the indices of crime in the last years.

2.11 Grajaú

The Grajaú is one of the districts of situated São Paulo in the south zone. One bes situated next Are Bernardo of the Field and to the edges of the Billings Dam.

Its population is composed mainly for migrantes of the Northeast region of Brazil. Attracted by the chance of better jobs and quality of life in result of the period of economic and industrial growth lived by São Paulo from the half of the last century.

Between the quarters that compose it are Pq. Grajaú, Jd. Eliana, Pq. Res. Cocaia, Pq. America, Pq. São Paulo, Jd. Ellus, Jd. Lucélia, Jd. Noronha, Cantinho of the Sky, Jd. Gulls, Blue Lake, Jd. Shangri-lá, Jd. Castro Alves, Jd. Seven of September.

2.12 Parelheiros

Parelheiros is a located agricultural district in the south extremity of São Paulo, and also he is one of that they have the biggest territorial area. Much little town, has most of the area covered for ambient reserves of Atlantic Bush - in it if it locates the APA Capivari-Monos. Three guaranis villages also exist esparsas for the district. The few inhabitants, beyond the indians, have the lower purchasing power of the city. The region is practically disconnected downtown, due to scarcity of ways and public transport.

This region, that until recently was part of the subprefeitura of Chapel of the Aid, is unknown for the paulistanos, and alone it appears in the reporters for being where corpses are launched or if they install captivities. However, it has a potential tourist echo notable, for the beauty of the remainders of Atlantic Bush, and the great waterfall number that exists in the APA Capivari-Monos.

Bibliographical Reference

BRUNO, Ernani da Silva. História e tradições da Cidade de São Paulo. Rio de Janeiro 1954. José Olympio Editora

ARROYO, Leonardo. Igrejas de São Paulo. Rio de Janeiro, 1954. José Olympio Editora.

O Páteo do Colégio – História de uma Igreja e de uma Escola. São Paulo, 1976. Gráfica Municipal

ZENHA, Edmundo. A Vila de Santo Amaro. São Paulo, 1977. Imprensa Oficial do Estado

ZENHA, Edmundo. Colônia Alemã de Santo Amaro. São Paulo, 1950. In Revista do Arquivo v. CXXXI. Departamento de Cultura.

GUERRA, Juvêncio; GUERRA Jurandyr. Almanack Commemorativo do 1º Centenário do Municipio de Santo Amaro. São Paulo, 1932.

CALDEIRA, João Netto. Album de Santo Amaro. São Paulo, 1935. Organização Cruzeiro do Sul - Bentivegna & Netto.

PASSAGLIA, Luiz Alberto do Prado. Mercado Velho de Santo Amaro. São Paulo. Secretaria Municipal de Cultura.

WILKIPÉDIA, Enciclopédia Livre. www. wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal

Núcleo de Documentos Especiais – Sala da Memória da Biblioteca Presidente Kennedy

Gilson, Fabiana and Patrícia